Why your site passes axe-core but fails real screen reader users
What automated accessibility scans can and cannot detect, what the published studies show, and the behavioral failures only a journey or a real session reveals.
Updated
Accessibility testing guides
Reference material on how accessibility testing actually works — what each method can and cannot find — kept current and revised in place.
Static scans vs. simulated journeys vs. real user monitoring
The three layers of accessibility testing — what each one catches, what each one misses, and why a program needs all three.
Updated
What is journey-based accessibility testing?
A definition of journey-based accessibility testing, how it differs from static scanning and manual audits, and what a journey means in practice.
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Real user monitoring vs. synthetic testing for accessibility
The lab-versus-field split web performance teams already use, applied to accessibility — and what only real sessions surface.
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How to test a website with a screen reader
A practical walkthrough of testing with NVDA, JAWS and VoiceOver: the commands that matter, what to listen for, and the mistakes manual testers make.
Updated
How to test keyboard-only navigation
A step-by-step method for testing a site with the keyboard alone: focus order, visible focus, traps, skip links and custom controls.
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ARIA live region testing
How ARIA live regions announce dynamic updates, the patterns that silently fail, and how to test status messages against WCAG 4.1.3.
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Focus management after a modal: a WCAG guide
Where focus should go when a dialog opens and closes, how to contain it while open, and how to test each step against WCAG.
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WCAG 2.2 success criteria checklist
Every WCAG 2.2 success criterion at Levels A and AA in one checklist, with what each requires and whether automated testing can check it.
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The WCAG 2.2 guide: levels, criteria and common failures
What WCAG requires, what Level A, AA and AAA mean, what 2.2 added, and which of it a machine can check for you.
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Accessibility overlays: what they do and what to use instead
What overlays and widgets change at runtime, the limits accessibility organizations describe, the 2025 FTC order against accessiBe, and the evidence-first alternative.
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WCAG 2.2 success criteria, one at a time
What each criterion requires, whether automated testing can check it, common failures, and how to test it by hand.
- 1.1.1 Non-text Content
- 1.3.1 Info and Relationships
- 1.3.5 Identify Input Purpose
- 1.4.1 Use of Color
- 1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum)
- 1.4.10 Reflow
- 1.4.11 Non-text Contrast
- 2.1.1 Keyboard
- 2.1.2 No Keyboard Trap
- 2.4.1 Bypass Blocks
- 2.4.2 Page Titled
- 2.4.3 Focus Order
- 2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context)
- 2.4.7 Focus Visible
- 2.5.8 Target Size (Minimum)
- 3.1.1 Language of Page
- 3.3.1 Error Identification
- 3.3.2 Labels or Instructions
- 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value
- 4.1.3 Status Messages